――I think many schools have set composition as homework for summer vacation, but many children are not good at writing.What kind of composition guidance do Tanaka -sensei provide?
I have been practicing "writer's time" for 14 years.This is a practice called "Writing Workshop" from the United States, and books with the same title in Japan have been published from new reviews.
Dr. Shinichiro Yoshida, who translated this book, and Principal Naoki Iwase, the principal of Karuizawa Kazekoshi Gakuen, have spread their practice in Japan, but I have been 14 years ago, one of the practitioners, Hiroshi Kaizaki and colleagues.was.At that time, looking into Kaizaki -sensei's classroom, the children were willing to write happily.I was impressed to see it, and I came to take it in.
子どもたちが楽しそうに作文に取り組む様子に衝撃を受けた（イラスト：田中氏提供）Experience the same process as a professional writer
――What is the difference between “writer's time” and general composition guidance?
The goal of "the time of the writer" is "training a writer who tries to write himself".Traditional composition education tends to focus on technical points such as "writing better sentences correctly", but in "the time of the writer", the emphasis is on the content expressed by children.This is a big feature, and I was most impressed.
I used to provide composition guidance while cherishing "fun and writing".I worked on a variety of practices, such as "Lie Diary", which dares to include lies, "parody essay" that arrives the story, and "pencil dialogue", which is written while changing one sentence, but if you take a questionnaire about essays, "I'm not good at it.There were many voices saying and "disliked" unexpectedly.
I was worried, "Why is the bite during class, but why?"My practice up to that point is effective for a single -shot initiative, but it is difficult to make continuous motivation.On the other hand, "the time of the writer" is systematically created and it is easy for teachers and children to understand, so I think it is easy to write more.That is also a great attraction.
――What kind of learning system?
First, select the writing genre.We decide the genre that children want to write themselves from various genres such as novels and stories, as well as genres in the learning guidelines such as "newspaper production" and "report sentence".In addition, it is a practice to experience the processes that professional writers are doing.
「作家の時間」の学習サイクル（写真：田中氏提供）At first, the theme you want to write is "Collection".In the story, we will summarize the material such as "when, where and where, the characters, the event, how to end", and make a "draft" based on that.In many cases, make a writer notebook.You can use any notebook, but you use a draft on the left page, and on the right page, you will noticed yourself, as well as writing advice from teachers and friends.I have been incorporating this note since the junior high school.
画像を拡大一般的な「作家ノート」の使い方（イラスト：田中氏提供）After drafting, it is "correction".Try modifying the composition, such as changing the order of the content, or changing the expression, such as removing the key brackets and making them a local sentence.Teachers read the elaboration, say their impressions and ask questions, but do not point out the wrong part.The teachers do not speak out for the "calibration" after the correction, and the children themselves do it.
And "Cipatic".General compositions use 400 -character -filled manuscript paper, but presenting some formats is interesting in this practice, and I have about 10 types of formats.Children select the format that suits their work and write them down.
原稿用紙、挿絵が入るもの、白紙など約10種類のフォーマットを用意（写真：田中氏提供）It is finally "publishing" if you can make a copy.Here, the deadline is set, and the child who wants to publish submits a clear letter to the "Publishing Box" by the day.He says, "Let's submit about 2-3 books in the first semester," but the person decides whether to publish or not.
Before printing, I look through it, encourage the correction if there is a content or expression that can hurt someone, and even if the name of a friend is listed, I confirm "Is the permission obtained?"However, I do not point out typographical errors at this stage.
By the way, on the day of publishing, I always keep secret, but when I enter the classroom, when I entered the classroom, the children were always delighted, "It's publishing today!"The children take the printed works one by one, and I bind them with a stapler and complete.
What does not point out typographical errors?
In the class after publishing, everyone reads and looks back on what I wrote.I often notice my typographical errors here, but that awareness is important.
In the school composition education, it is normal for children to rewrite in receiving "corrections and proofreading" in which teachers put red pen for mistakes in letters and "Tonihanaha".I used to think that it was natural before, but this guidance made me feel like "I feel like it's not my own text" and "I don't want to be able to fix it many times".There are many cases where it becomes.On the other hand, it is a major feature of the "writer's time" that there is no correction by such teachers and can draw out their own awareness.
「出版」の完成物（左）。ファンレターを書いたら所定のボックスに投函（右）（写真：田中氏提供）In addition, we will also write and send a "fan letter" to friends who wrote interesting works.I ask parents, but everyone will write a lot.Children seem to be very stimulating because they get feedback from teachers and friends, but have no experience getting a letter from their friends.Since there are teachers working on "writer's time" nationwide, it is recommended that you exchange fan letters by exchanging other schools and classes in schools and grade classes.
―― I understand the mechanism that raises motivation, but do you not teach the basics of sentences?
Of course, the power that the learning guidelines are aiming for is also important, so at the beginning of the class, we set the time to learn the skills used by professional writers called "mini lesses".Specifically, we will handle the types of writing genres, proofreading and reviewing, tips, text compositions, and export ideas to write with readers.
書き出しの工夫を学ぶ際の板書（写真：田中氏提供）文章構成を学ぶ際の掲示（写真：田中氏提供）Once you have learned in mini -lessons, I will actually write it.For example, in haiku and tanka, I often do "multiple", but if I write a number of books anyway, even if teachers do not teach techniques, there are works that happen to be in an inverted method or lyrics (hanging language).come out.If you pick up it and introduce it to everyone, "It's amazing using the singer's skills," the children will be more and more motivated.
In this one -hour class, the cycle of "Mini Lesson (10 minutes)", "Write time (25 minutes)", "Sharing time to introduce each other's works (10 minutes)", on the other hand, "On the other handThe point of the "writer's time" is to turn the large learning cycle from collecting material to publishing.As a result, children grow up, trying to improve their expression techniques and realize their mistakes.
画像を拡大ミニレッスンを核とした1時間のサイクルは教室にも掲示（写真：田中氏提供）Other teachers are surprised "Children's growth"
In addition, I spend a few hours of "writer" time every week to accumulate what I write on a daily basis.If you do classes in the textbook of the Japanese language, you will have to write in a single semester, such as six hours in one semester, but you will forget how to write before the next class learning.Because there are many things.For example, in the 3rd and 4th graders, the guidance of "writing" is about 85 hours a year in the learning guidelines, but if you spend 2-3 hours a week, you will be just a guide.I will.
If you write on a regular basis like this, the children will write smoothly in about 5 minutes without any resistance.There is no voice saying "Eh!This is also surprising by other teachers.
Until the start of the writer's time, the child who said "I hate composition" gradually asked, "Teacher, do you have time for the writer today?"Write or write more at home.The child who was hiding what he wrote "I don't want to be read" may say, "I'm still on the way, but read it!"When you witness such a change, I think it's amazing.
The important thing in proceeding is to positively affirm.Some children are not good at it, so it is important to take care of it so that everyone is easy to work on at first.
There is one unforgettable episode.When I told you in a class, "You can write anywhere in the classroom, you can write while sleeping."In the end, she got off because she couldn't climb well, but it seemed that the choked powder or dust that had accumulated on the edge of the blackboard adhered to her feet, and when she landed, she had a footprint on the paper.
When I praised it, "This is also a poem," he started writing poems with great pleasure.The surrounding kids were surprised, "I saw the motivation for the first time," but he heard later that he spelled this episode in the graduation book, "I wrote a poem in this opportunity.He wrote that he was no longer good. "I was very happy.
田中光夫（たなか・みつお）1978年生まれ、北海道出身。東京都の公立小学校教員として14年間勤務。2016年、主に病気休職の教員の代わりに担任を務める「フリーランスティーチャー」となる。これまで公立・私立合わせて延べ11校で講師を務める。NPO法人「Growmate」理事としてマーシャル諸島で私設図書館建設にも携わる。近著に『マンガでわかる！小学校の学級経営 クラスにわくわくがあふれるアイデア60』(明治図書)（写真：田中氏提供）(Sentence: The editorial team Chihiro Sato, the photo without the note is Istock)
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