63rd Mouth Polar Melee Observation / Settlement Plan | Observation Corps | Homepage of Antarctic Observation | National Research Institute

Outline of the 63rd Heart Mole Olect Observation Implementation Plan

The 63rd Mouth Polar Observation Corps will give the highest priority on changing staff and transportation of supplies required to continue observations at Showa Base.In addition, we plan to conduct summer research observations as possible, such as fuel, supplies transportation to inland, and radar observations for the excavation point of the excavation point for deep -level core excavation.。In the 63 -year plan, in addition to the behavior of the Antarctic observation ship "Shirase", the Ah Ctions using the Antarctic Airlines Network and the marine observation by the prAh Ctice ship "Kaitaka Maru" at the Tokyo University of Marine University as a leading squad, the new Coronavirus in Japan and overseas.It will be implemented while paying attention to the epidemic of infectious diseases.

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Activity route and active area

The 63rd Antarctic Regional Observation Corps plans to Ah Ct on the main squad on the Antarctic observation ship "Shirase", travel inland dome travel by dromlan, and to Ah Ct as a separate squad at "Kaitaka Maru".

Click the "Topic" button to move in detail.

Antarctic observation ship "Shirase" about 1 ice thickness.It is a crushed ice ship that allows continuous crushed ice navigation in 3 knots (about 5 km / h) in a 5m flat ice area.

Dromlan Doloman: Droin Modeland Aviation networked by 11 countries that are observed in the DrooModland area of Amakudoku.

It is a prAh Ctice ship at Tokyo University of Ocean University "Kaitaka Maru" at Tokyo University of Marine University.

Used for transporting personnel and supplies in snowy snowy lands

63rd Heart Polar Area Observation Corps Observation List

1. 基本観測

2. 研究観測

3. その他観測・研究

4. 設営計画

Main activities of the 63rd Mouth Pole Observation Corps

Main activities around Showa Base and Showa Base

Topic1海面の高さをリアルタイムに測る潮汐観測（西の浦験潮所）

The small bay on the west side of the East Angle Island is called "Nishinoura".The tide observation, which measures the height of the sea surfAh Ce at the West Noura in the West Noura in real time, started by the Japan Coast Guard with the 12th squad (1971) and continuously continuously.It is being done.

Since the ship is floating in the sea, the water depth measured from the ship will only be Ah Ccurate data after correction with tide data.The tide observation also contributes to long -term vertical movements, grasping ground fluctuations, and tsunamis observations.

In the 63rd squad, a spare mAh Chine and successor for the tide observation for the tide observation will be installed.This water level meter has been installed since the 59th squad, and is an important task that must be performed once every few years.

Water level meter

Water level meter訓練のようす

具体的には、Water level meterを西の浦験潮所付近の海岸からゴムボートで沖数十メートルの所まで曳航した後、降下させ設置します。Water level meterは西の浦験潮所内の接続箱とケーブルで繋ぎますが、ケーブルは海底を引きずると切断する恐れがあるため、途中を浮きで浮かべて曳航します。Water level meter設置完了後、ケーブルから浮きを外し敷設します。この作業はゴムボートで行うため、海氷が少ない夏期間に1週間ほどかけて作業を行います。

潮汐観測は、海図作成に必要なだけでなく、海面や地盤の長期的な変動や津波の観測等の海洋現象研究の基礎となる重要な観測です。継続して正確に観測し続けることが重要であり、今回のWater level meterの予備機兼後継機を設置することも必要不可欠な作業です。

Tide position observation device outline

Topic2大型大気レーダー（Pansy radar）による通年連続観測

The climate of the earth is determined by the flow of the atmosphere (atmosphere circulation) over the whole earth.However, the flow of the atmosphere in Antarctica and the intermediate sphere (generally 50-90 km) is difficult to observe and is not well understood.

In this project, a combination of a large atmosphere radar (Pansy radar), a combination of various observation devices that measure the wind, temperature, and substance distribution over Showa Air Base using radio waves and light, and the atmosphere waves (the floating power in the atmosphere is used.We aim to clarify the role that the main wave of the atmosphere, which is a restoring force, plays the creation of a large circulation.

In the 63rd squad, the PANSY atmosphere radar will conduct a complementary observation of the temperature, wind speed, and composition of the Antarctic sky using radio waves and radiation light.

In addition, we will lead the 7th large atmosphere radar International Cooperation (ICSOM) scheduled to be implemented in January 2022.

The high -precision continuous observation data of the Pansy radar and the international cooperative data of the ICSOM campaign are Ah Ccumulated, and how the atmosphere of the atmosphere that connects the atmosphere and the Antarctica that connects the Antarctica and the Antarctica will fluctuate.It is expected that research to explore the mechanism will progress.The Pansy radar plans to continue full system observation until 2027.The aim is to use the long -term data to handle the phenomena and fluctuation of a wide range of time from a few minutes of Air gravity wave to the solar Ah Ctivity of the 11 -year cycle, and to clarify the interAh Ction between them.I am.

Pansy Radar: Program of The Antarctic Syowa MST/IS Radar A device that uses about 1000 antennas with a height of 3m.It was constructed at Showa Base in 2011, has been a partial system since 2012 and a full system since 2015.

Large atmosphere radar International Cooperation ICSOM: InterHemisPheric Coupling by Observations and Modeling In cooperation with domestic research institutions and observations with large atmosphere radar around the world, the flow of the whole earth and the atmosphere of the atmosphere of the entire earth and the atmosphere of the atmosphere.I will explore it.

Pansy radar

Large atmosphere radar International Cooperation (ICSOM)

Topic3スーパープレッシャー気球による観測

In this project, the same altitude is to hang the weather observation device on the special balloon called super pressure balloon that can float for more than one month, and to around the Antarctica and the lower stratumar area (near 19 km altitude) in Antarctica and the Antarctic sea sky.It will be held three times during the next summer (December 2021 to January 2022).With this observation, we will Ah Cquire weather data in various plAh Ces in the Antarctic sky.

In addition, a device called a steamed steam zonde is suspended by hanging it on a rubber balloon, and an observation is performed to measure the amount of water vapor from the ground above the Showa base to an altitude of about 25 km with high Ah CcurAh Cy.

Super pressure balloons are stagnated by the high -altitude winds of buoyancy due to the injected helium gas and the weight of the ball and observation devices, and is washed away by the altitude wind.In this observation, about 8 diameter adjusted so that it stays at an altitude of 19 km..Hang the temperature, pressure, and horizontal wind speed on a 5m balloon, and release the ball from the Showa base.The same ball is traveling around the Antarctica for more than a month or more, and the observation data is sent to the ground through Iridium communication.

On the other hand, a steam zonde is a device that Ah Ccurately measures low -concentration steam volume using the property of condensation of water vapor when the temperature is lowered.The steamed steam zonde observation is performed once every three months, and the altitude and seasonal changes in the amount of water vapor over the Showa Air Base are captured.

In super -pressed balloon observation, the driving force for the air wave, called the Air Gravity Wave, can estimate the driving force for driving a large circulation.Similarly, it is hoped that combining with large atmosphere radar (PANSY), which can observe air gravity waves, can capture the effects of atmosphere gravity waves in the Antarctic region in three dimensions.

In the 6th year plan (64-69), we plan to carry out several campaign observations using super pressure balloons.In addition, in order to capture changes in the amount of water vapor in the sky that affects the ground temperature, we plans to continue to implement water vapor zonde at the Showa Base in the future.

Like a super pressure balloon opening work training

Slow vapor zonde observation training

Topic4スペクトルリオメータを使った高エネルギー電子降り込みの連続観測

The Showa base is located just below the Aurora belt and is located in a great plAh Ce to observe the aurora.Aurora is about 0 energy from outer spAh Ce.It is a phenomenon in which electrons of 1 to 10 kilometers bolts (KEV) collide with an altitude of about 100 to 300 km and emit light, but at the same time, higher energy (several 10 to 1000 Kev) may fall in.This high -energy electron has been attrAh Cting attention in recent years because it is thought to cause an altitude of about 50 to 90 km and causes ozone to decrease through chemical reAh Ctions.

Antenna of the spectro meter installed for test observation

The 63rd Corps will install a new observation device "Spectrorio Meter" at the Showa Base to survey the impAh Ct of this high -energy electronic descent for one year and on the middle atmosphere.

This spectreometer is a device that continuously observes radio waves in a wide frequency band radiated from the galaxy (MHz) and measure the absorption of the radio wave -intensity.You can estimate the distribution of electronic density about 50 to 120 km above the ionic layer absorption, and the energy distribution of high energy electronic electrons that descend from outer spAh Ce with the aurora.By comparing these data with various middle -layered atmosphere data that is observed at the Showa base at the same time, you can see the effect of high -energy electronic descending on the atmosphere.

The distribution of electronic density of about 50 to 120 km estimated in this observation and the energy distribution of the aurora -in -incidental electrons are simultaneously observed with the Aurora high -speed images, large atmosphere radar, and millimeter -wave optical codes installed at the Showa base.Compare with the data.

As a result, what type of aurora occurs when high -energy electrons come down into the atmosphere, and (2) the high -energy electronic descent has produced a trAh Ce component that causes ozone reductions.(3) In the winter season, the unraveled mystery, such as how radar echo, which is frequently observed in the intermediate sphere (altitude 50-90 km), is being approAh Ched, and the impAh Ct of high -energy electronic descent on the earth will be on the global atmosphere.Aim to clarify it.

Topic5旧建屋解体工事・ Western district new road construction（設営）

The construction work is (1) Transportation (transporting fuel and food, observation supplies, living supplies, architectural and equipment, vehicles, etc. from the country) (2) maintaining base equipment (fuel management (fuel management) (fuel management) (fuel management), Maintenance of equipment and vehicles, maintaining buildings) ③ Maintenance of living infrastructure (wireless communication and satellite lines, cooking, medical care, and environmental conservation)We support the lives of members in Antarctica, such as helicopter operation, and provide a variety of tasks to promote safe and efficient observations.

63次隊で行う予定の設営計画

・ Former building demolition work: Demolition of old ionization building and geology building

The interior of the geology building (constructed in 1978), which is transferred to the basic observation building, will be removed, preparing for the dismantling of the following year, and dismantling the old ionization building (constructed in 1966).By dismantling old buildings, we will reduce the burden on members required for building management.

・ Western district new road construction

Following the construction of the new summer coupons planned from the 64th squad, we will install a new road to be used during the summer and winter during the construction period.In addition to dismantling aging buildings, construction will be in preparation for rebuilding in anticipation of aging.

Based on the Phase Plan, we are updating aging base fAh Cilities and consolidating buildings while promoting the use of renewable energy and properly managing waste.In the plan, the environmental impAh Ct caused by observation Ah Ctivities will be reduced and the burden on the observation staff will be reduced, and a variety of emergency situations such as "Shirase" will be abandoned at the Showa base and a fire and power outage at Showa Base.We will enhance the development of Showa Base and the construction system that takes into Ah Ccount the development of future observation plans.

Geology building

Old ionization building

Topic6南極からの情報発信

In the 63rd squad, while utilizing the observation team blog and the official SNS, the Ah Ctivities of local Ah Ctivities will be transmitted and the Ah Ctivities will be published through mass media such as television and newspapers.In addition, by holding live broadcast events from Antarctica, we will deliver Antarctica "now" in real time.

In the "Antarctic Class" held during the summer season, two incumbent teAh Chers participating in the teAh Cher who participate in the Antarctician dispatch program will conduct four real -time classes from Antarctica, and as the first attempt, the "Antarctic Class" YouTube live distribution.I plan to do it.

教員南極派遣プログラムでの南極授業（一部YouTubeライブ配信予定）

Like the Antarctic class held in the 61st squad

Scheduled for Antarctica (updated on November 17, 2021)

2022年1月29日（土）　日出学園中学校・高等学校（参加者募集予定）2022年2月2日（水）　日出学園中学校・高等学校（生徒向け）2022年2月4日（金）　宇都宮大学共同教育学部附属小学校（児童・生徒向け）2022年2月5日（土）　宇都宮大学（参加者募集予定）2022年2月7日（月）　宇都宮大学共同教育学部附属小学校（生徒向け）

Information dissemination on the Observation Corps Blog / Farchiken Official SNS

・ Observation squad blog https: // nipr-blog.nipr.Ah C.JP/JARE/JARE63/

・ Polar Research Official SNS

By combining information from web media and live broadcasting events that we have implemented so far, the use of social media widely widespread by the corona, realizes breaking news to individuals, and realizes more public relations effects.You can expect to increase.While flexibly responding to changes in the social environment, we will continue to disseminate the significance and charm of Antarctica observation in the future.

* Antarctica Observation Website describes public relations, education, teachers Antarctic dispatch programs, and Antarctica classes in detail.Please take a look.

Topic7ラングホブデ氷河での熱水掘削

Antarctica is covered with an average thickness of 2000m, that is, "Antarctic ice sheet".This giant ice moves along the coast in a fast flow called "glacier", and becomes a "shelf ice" that protrudes to the sea, and leaks into the ocean (see: Observation activities in Lang Hobdic Glacier.The conceptual diagram shown).

In recent years, this flow has accelerated and more ice has been lost to the sea, and the Antarctic ice sheet is shrinking.In this statement, the ranged glacier is 30 km away from the Showa base, directly observing the flow of ice and the outflow into the sea in various ways.We aim to elucidate the boundary process of glaciers, such as glacier flow speed, ice bottom slip, and marine environment under the shelves.

In order to elucidate the glacier fluid mechanism, it is important to observe the glacier on the glacier where ice slides on the continent.However, access to the bottom covered with thick ice is not easy.Therefore, we use a method called "hot water drill" to excavate while melting ice with a thickness of 400m or more.Using a vertical hole that reaches the bottom of the glacier, the ice slips, water pressure lifting the ice, and sampling the bottom sediment.

Observations by hot water excavation are carried out only by limited teams in the world.On the glacier, we use a precision surveying device (GNSS), an earthquake -meter, an automatic shooting camera, an unmanned airplane, etc.Especially in glacier lakes due to melting ice, we will challenge the world's first data, such as measurement of water temperature and water quality.

The biggest aim for this observation is the observation on the bottom of the glacier.In the past, I have excavated the ranged glacier ice races and achieved results, but this is the first time I have excavated the glacier on the land.Such a glacial bottom observation is rare in Antarctica.By combining the glacier bottom and internal observations using excavation holes with a large number of measurements performed on the glacier, the mechanism of the glacier and its change will be revealed.As a result, it is expected that the cause of the ice loss in the Antarctic ice sheet will be found and contributed to the future prediction of ice floating.In the future, we will develop observations to other glaciers and introduce new measurement methods using helicopters and the latest technology to elucidate ice sheets and ocean interactions and iconic fluctuations.

The border between the shelves and the sea is below the end screen of the lang -hobed glacier

Conceptual diagram showing observation activities in Lang -hobde glaciers

Hot water excavation (59th squad)

Topic8新たな量子型絶対重力計AQGを使用した重力測定

The Geographical Survey Institute has a GNSS surveying and map creation, mainly in the exposed rocks on the Lutzo Holm Gulf and Prince Olaf coast, with the aim of developing position standards and providing scientific basic information so far.I have measured the value of gravity along with the aerial photography.The value of gravity changes slightly, reflecting the underground structure.Therefore, measuring accurate gravity values in various places leads to determining positions such as altitude and global earth forms.

In the 63rd squad, we will take a new quantum -type absolute absolute meter called AQG to Antarctica for the first time and measure gravity.AQG is an absolute gravity meter that can measure the value of gravity itself, and is measured on a principle different from the absolute gravitational metropolitan, which has a measurement track record in Antarctica.Unlike FG5, it is designed to be measured in an outdoor environment.

First of all, two absolute gravitational meters, FG5 and AQG, are installed at an international gravity measurement point (IAGBN point) installed in the gravity meter room at the Showa Base, and the absolute gravity value is measured with each gravity meter.to hold.It takes a few days to a week to determine the value of gravity.In this measurement, we determine the latest gravity value at the IAGBN point, and confirm that the AQG that you bring to Antarctica for the first time can obtain a consistent value with FG5.After that, the AQG is installed at the measurement point of Lang Hobde about 30 km south of the Showa base and the Showa base, and the absolute gravity value is measured.The purpose is also to investigate whether AQG works without problems in an outdoor environment or how much the observation time is required to obtain gravity values.The measurement results are brought back in Japan, then re -analyzed and consider the results.

Test observation in the Geographical Survey Institute for Gravity Room

Operation test in low -temperature laboratory

The absolute gravitatory with a different mechanism called AQG and FG5 can measure the latest values of IAGBN points can lead to more objectively evaluating the results.Also, if it is confirmed that it can be measured outdoors as expected using AQG, it will be possible to measure absolute gravity values at more points in the future.Until now, in order to obtain gravity values in the outdoors, a relative heavy meter that can measure only the difference in gravity value along with absolute gravity is used.Absolute gravitatory not only has higher measurement accuracy compared to relative gravitory, but there is no mechanical drift problem that cannot be avoided by relative heavy meters.In the future, it is expected that multiple high -precision gravity values will be determined by multiple points.

Topic9昭和基地での絶対重力測定とラングホブデ・スカルブスネスなどでの野外観測

Pre -measurement by multiple absolute power meter performed in Japan

In this project, absolute gravity measurement is performed in a few places in the Showa Base and the outdoor basis exposed areas, and the amount of gravity change is measured compared to the gravity value measured so far.Until now, we have been measuring using a commercially available absolute heavy meter, but this time we will bring two newly developed absolute strikes in Japan and verify the accuracy.

In addition, we will investigate the state of ground vibration that affects the natural environment such as temperature and wind speed and absolute gravity measurement on the coastal ice sheet in preparation for the measurement of the Antarctica in the future.

昭和基地・重力計室の絶対重力測定

From late December 2021 to early January 2022, measurements will be performed using four absolute gravites, FG-5, A10, TAG-1, and TAG-2, in the gravitational meter room at the Showa Base.At the Showa base, measurements with FG-5 / A10 have been implemented.We will measure in the same location in the newly developed TAG-1 / TAG-2, and verify the measurement accuracy.

野外測定

From early January to late 2022, Lang Hobde and Lundbokushetta, which were measured in the 59th squad, perform outdoor measurements using A10, aiming to detect gravity changes in comparison with the previous results.In addition, we will also measure the scalve sness.In addition, in early February, a preliminary survey will be conducted on the S16 on the Antarctica Globic Ice A sheet.

In this observation, the third measurement will be performed in the points that were measured in the 53rd and 59th generations (Lang Hobde).If you can measure well, you can detect gravitational changes.Lang -hobde also has a continuous GNSS observation, and if both up and down displacement and gravitational change can be detected, you can get information about the internal structure of the earth, independently of the model calculation.

In the 63rd squad, the newly developed absolute gravity is also brought in and the measurement is to be performed. By comparing with the gravitational meter used so far, it is possible to verify the accuracy and ease of use of the new gravitational meter.can.The new gravity meter is expected to be a new weapon for continuing observations.

Topic10露岩域での岩石試料採取による地質調査

Like a geological survey

In the 63rd squadron, the Geological Survey in the wide -area of the Lutzo Holm Bay coast to the Prince Olaf coast -Endabiland has shown to the early days (> 2.5 billion years ago) distributed in this area in Antarctica.In the early days (500 million years ago), we will bring out information about the evolution of the continent shell on the long -time axis, and reconsider this area in Antarctica in global history and reconsider Tectonics.

1.Prince Olaf Beach: Exploration of the Geological Border in the early life of the primeval period (1.0 billion years) and the early (500 million years), including the unusual revolved rocks located east of the Akebono rocks (about 10 days) east of Prince Olaf coastBy analyzing the survey and the analysis of the collection samples, we will verify the spread and interpretation of the new age obtained from the 58th squad, and elucidate the geological structural category of the east coast of Prince Olaf.。

2.Lutzo Holm Bay Botnese Botsnese area: "Lutzo Holm Rock Body" Eastern Restaurant Geological Symphony (about 20 days) Lutzo Holm Bay Botnese Botsnese, such as Best Hobde and surrounding unusual Russia, by analyzing the collection samplesWe will verify and propose a new ground structural division of land structure divisions about 6-500 million years ago around Lutzo Holm Bay, which was recently proposed.

3.Endabi Land: Exploring the early global history records of Taigo (> 2.5 billion years ago) Japanese Corps Un investigated Roiwa Survey (about 2-3 days) In the Endabyland, the Japanese Corps has not been investigated so far.Analysis of the crust process of Taro (older than 2.5 billion years ago) will be performed by surveys and analysis of collected samples.

Geological survey range map

Topic11昭和基地風辺地域における火星模擬候補地の調査

Mars Mock Candidate Location in the Russian Area

The Mars underground environment exploration, which is currently under consideration for JAXA, is looking for a Japanese -specific Mars mock land for science evaluations and engineering techniques that are important in the selection of landing candidate sites.

In this research, we conduct geological and terrain surveys in the revolved rock area during the summer season of the 63rd squad, and examine whether there is a location for Mars around the Showa base.Based on the obtained data, it determines the suitability and inappropriation as a Memoral Memorial land from the scientific and engineering perspective, and selects the optimal revolve area.

In January 2022, a geology and terrain survey of staying in five locations on the Antarctica coastal coastal coast of the Showa Base (Lang Hobde, Scarbus, Scalbosnes, Lundbokushetta, bright cape) will be conducted.In addition to photos and videos, we will measure the spectroscopy using a portable near -infrared metrophore, and sample rocks and water.In addition, dig the ground to measure the hardness of the basement and examine the structure.In places where the water dried up, we will also collect precipites.

This study reveals the usefulness as a mock site around the Showa Base area.In the Memorial Match, the scientific data in the area (including remote control assuming the actual Mars exploration) in the areas that simulate the past Mars Captary environment (running water and glacier terrain, glacier topographic).It is also expected to acquire water-rocks due to rock reactions, etc.).If the usefulness is confirmed by the location hunting in the 63th squad, we would like to increase the number of members after the 64th squad and start full -scale investigation, observation, and tests in the mock area.

Main activities around Dome Fuji

Topic12第3期掘削へ向けた内陸ドーム旅行

This project conducts surveys on snow, ice, terrain, and stratums from the inland to the coastal of the Antarctica, and is promoting the recovery of the past -pole environmental fluctuations that occurred in the past.In the 63rd squad, we plan to travel two round -trip inland dome.

It is an observation of the thickness of the ice sheet by an ice lada mounted on a snow car

▶ In the first round trip, six people left Japan as a separate squad in mid -October 2021, and arrived at the S17 point on the ice sheet by Droning Mordland Air Network (Dropran: DROMLAN).After joining three participants from the 62 -party squad, after preparing for departure at S16, he left for 6 snow cars to the Dome Fuji base.On the route, the maintenance of automatic meteorology (AWS) is maintained, surveying, snow and ice, etc.We will stay at the Dome Fuji base for about a week, accumulate transported supplies and fuel, and return to S16.

▶ In the second round trip, in mid -December 2021, three people entered Antarctica in "Shirase", and then moved to the Dome Fuji base again.While staying at the Dome Fuji base for about 11 days, extension of the 2nd Dome Dome digging hole, confirmation and collection of equipment for the 3rd period excavation, and selecting a place for the 3rd period excavation.We plan to carry out.In addition, the plan is to maintain the AWS installed at the NDF (about 50 km south of the Dome Fuji Air Base), and then return to S16 after performing snow ice observations on the return trip.

1.Dome Fuji base and NDF area (late November 2021 and mid -January 2022)

　(1) Observation of the thickness and internal layer of ice sheets using ice liders mounted on a snow car (2) Snow pit observation (snow physics and chemical surveys using cross sections)Balance Observation ⑤The maintenance and inspection of Iws ⑥ Observatory of the ice sheet surface surface and flowing using high -precision GNSS ⑦ Aerial shooting with drones, etc.

2.Dome Fuji base

　(1) Phase 2 Dome Fuji Domaging Hole A new casing pipe is installed and extended to the current snow surface.

3.Round trip from S16 to Dome Fuji

　(1) Maintenance and inspection of AWS ② Ice bed surface by GNSS, altitude and flow observation, snow scale observation, snow test, snow test fee, etc.

The ice sheet radar observation will provide a detailed clarification of the thickness of the ice sheet and the basis of the basis under the ice sheet in the 3rd Dyeet Dye -Director, and based on that information, plans to select the Dome Dome Deep Deep Deep Digging Point. am.

In the 63rd squad, it is expected that a large number of equipment and fuel transportation used to build the next excavation base will proceed in the construction of the next excavation base.In the Dome Fuji base, the second deep excavation hole will be extended to the current snow surface, and observations using excavation holes will be possible in the future.It is expected that the current device used for deep excavation will be confirmed and collected, and preparations for the third -term deep core excavation will proceed.In addition, it is hoped to contribute to the grasp and elucidation of ice sheet fluctuations by obtaining the surface quality, flow, and surface altitude of the ice sheet throughout the route.In addition, by multi -point snow observation and the collection of snow tests, the physical structure and chemical components in the snow will be revealed in a wide area, and the use of satellite observation is expected to be used as a verification data.

Topic13細氷が当該地域の気温と酸素同位体比の関係に及ぼす影響の解明

In the inner percentage area, there is a clear relationship between the ground temperature and the oxygen isotope ratio of the snowfall, and the past temperature is restored from the oxygen isotope ratio left in the ice floor core.

However, this relevant formula varies, and the restored temperature is expected to be errors.

One of the factors that causes this variation is the effects of diamond dust (fine ice), which is observed every day in the Antarctic inland area.Fine ice is a phenomenon in which water vapor in the sky is converted by radiation cooling.And because the oxygen isotope ratio depends on water vapor origin rather than ground temperature, the contribution of fine ice is considered to weaken the relationship between oxygen isotope ratio and ground temperature.

In this study, we aim to demonstrate this fine ice effect from the actual observation data and evaluate the effects of restoring temperature.

The 63rd squad clarifies the impact of fine ice, which is the target area around the Dome Fuji base where deep excavation is planned, to the relationship between the temperature of the region and the oxygen isotope.

Specifically, two newly developed automatic snow collection devices are installed at the dome Fuji base, and the fine ice generated in a weak wind environment and the other snowfall are collected.Collection of snowfall will be conducted on a monthly basis for one year.

At the Dome Fuji base, temperature data for the past 40 years is available.Therefore, the snow pit collecting (depth 4m-5m) that covers this observation period is to be clarified the relationship between oxygenotomy and ground temperature in the area, and the effects of fine ice are evaluated in the relationship.It is a plan.

The eastern landscape area is an area where it is difficult to detect global warming because the start of weather observation has been delayed.

For example, the weather observation was started in 1995 at the Dome Fuji base, and warm -aged people have frequently appeared since 2000, but it cannot be distinguished whether this is due to global warming or natural fluctuation that occurs for decades.。Therefore, in order to grasp the actual situation of global warming, it is necessary to clarify the long -term temperature change ahead of the start of weather observations.On the other hand, creating a long -term temperature dataset from the oxygen isotope ratio is required to eliminate the deficiencies in the conventional method.

In this study, as the first step, we focus on the impact of the fine ice that causes the conventional error of the conventional law and work on the impact.It is expected that if fine ice is the main factor that causes an error, the effect will be possible by removing its effects, which will be more accurate than before.

Like around the Dome Fuji base that conducts observations

Automatic snow collection device installed at Dome Fuji base

Main activities on the ship

Topic14氷床・海氷縁辺域の総合観測から迫る大気―氷床―海洋の相互作用

The ocean is a source of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, and the temperature of the earth and its future change will be greatly influenced by how much carbon dioxide is blended into the ocean and how much it blends in the future.By examining the concentration of carbonated substances caused by the melting of carbon dioxide at many points, the purpose of the 63rd squad is to approach the actual condition of carbon dioxide absorption in the Antarctic Ocean.

The 63rd squad will be observed on the "Shirase" boat in the ocean wide area centered on Lutzo Holm Bay, Cape Danley, Binthenes Bay and Totten Glacier from mid -January to March 2022.Using the CTDO2/ RMS (water temperature with multilayer water -soluble oxygen profiler system) mounted on "Shirase", the basic properties of water temperature and salt from the sea surface to the sea floor are examined, and at the same time, different layers of seawater are used.I will collect it.The collected seawater is taken home and analyzed in the laboratory to examine the concentration of carbonated substances contained in seawater.

Appearing seawater with ctdos2/rms

Like mooring observation in Totten glacial nearby area

In the Antarctic coastal ocean, the horizontal and vertical distribution of carbonated substances is clarified, and the relationship between variables that are easier and frequently measured, such as water temperature, salt, and dissolved oxygen, and based on these mutual relationships.By estimating the existing amount of carbonated substances, we aim to grasp the total amount of carbonated substances in the Antarctic sea area.This information will help you estimate how the absorption of carbon dioxide can change when the water temperature and salt of the Antarctician sea change due to global warming and ice sheet melting.

In the area around Totten Glacier, we plan to observe ocean structure and water mass characteristics in order to reveal warm water accessation near the glacier and distribution of glacial water solving that has been melted.In addition, in the coast of Cape Danley and around the Totten glacier, mooring system (a long rope with a long rope is attached to a sensor and data logger to check the marine structure at a time when it cannot be observed in "Shirase".Installation and collection of observation equipment to be fixed to.

Activities at Kaitaka Maru

Topic15東京海洋大学「海鷹丸」による海洋観測

In this project, we aim to elucidate the actual conditions and roles of the South Peace ocean by investigating changes in the marine environment associated with global climate change and the response of the ecosystem to it, and contribute to the development of future predictive models in the future.increase.

基本観測・生態系モニタリング

The monitoring observation is a basic observation that is constantly implemented by the National Institute of Polar, and is an observation that clarifies natural phenomena by assuming medium- to long -term continuation observations and established observation methods.

In this project, we will carry out observations that have been more accurate and challenging the deep sea for basic observations (marine environments), which have been continuing for nearly 50 years, and the long -term fluctuation surveys of marine ecosystem.

一般研究観測

It is an observation that is carried out in a relatively short period of time, taking advantage of the characteristics of Antarctica.

・ Physical Observation: We will collect mooring of mooring that captures the circulation of children, and collaborate with activities on the “shirase” ship to collect preliminary mooring off the coast of Totten Glacier.

・ Biological observation: Use a large net to grasp the spatial distribution characteristics of animal plankton in the target waters and fried fish.

Deep water observation (water temperature / salt) by CTD-RMS system, and seawater collection by Niskin

Animal plankton monitoring observation with continuous plankton collectors

Mooring -based landscape for marine circulation surveys

Collection of animal plankton and fried fish -season fish by large net